Friday 10 August 2012

London Mayor Boris Johnson getsoutside of an H2 fuelcell black taxi



On July 24, 2012 I
talked about the ideas in the course of the 2012 London Olympics to floor the gas cell buses and allow the hydrogen-powered taxis operate. This strategy has appear to fruition this week whilst there's been a hiccup or two.
As an example, as I'd previously talked about the hydrogen fueling station in London continues to be shut down for stability reasons through the Olympic Games. You can find another H2 fueling station at Heathrow Airport terminal that hasn’t opened but, but is predicted to in advance of the Olympics end.
So,
exactly what are these hydrogen-powered black taxis to perform appropriate now? They're getting transported by a diesel-powered truck to some city known as Swindon (element of the united kingdom Hydrogen Highway) for refueling. According to Google Maps, the city center of Swindon is 82.four miles from the city center of London.
When the black taxis would travel from London to Swindon for refueling, the generate back again would throw away considerably of the hydrogen gas. Now, the fact continues to be there's some thing inherently un-green if you haul zero emission automobiles this sort of as hydrogen automobiles around on diesel-powered trucks.
I have two inexperienced solutions which the Brits can be using suitable now. Instead of refueling in Swindon, utilize a mobile H2 refueling station. Companies like ITM Electricity (a British enterprise), SunHydro and Air Products and solutions all have cell refueling stations that could have already been utilized in or close to London and moved as essential for security applications.

A
2nd alternative can be to use a hydrogen-powered truck to transport the hydrogen taxis to Swindon. A couple of Vision Sectors Tyrano trucks would most probably fill the invoice on this a person.

If
you’re about to increase green electricity then go every one of the way. Is not this exactly what the Olympics are about anyway - going each of the way?

Germany Will get ten Hydrogen Fueling Stations from Air Liquide

Through the witching hour in 2015, Air Liquide can have constructed 10 hydrogen fueling stations in Germany. This can deliver the total as much as fifty general public filling stations for that German Hydrogen Highway network.As outlined by Air Liquide, “By 2015, Germany can have a offer network of at least fifty manifeste filling stations. Air Liquide will design and build ten of all those hydrogen filling stations: three in North Rhine-Westphalia, 2 just about every in Hesse, two in Saxony and Southern Germany and one in Lessen Saxony.
“Today,
59 hydrogen filling stations are actually designed and delivered by Air Liquide during the world. Air Liquide Germany has become very active in deploying hydrogen energy projects: 4 hydrogen filling stations have previously been commissioned all over the region.”
At this moment from the 2012 London Olympics, the us, China, Russia, Good Britain and in some cases Japan lead Germany in somme medals. But, in regards to making a hydrogen car or truck fueling infrastructure, Germany has sprinted significantly forward in the pack and will not be checking in excess of their shoulders any time shortly.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Rickshaws Experience in Dresden Germany

 
 
 
Okay, so I’ll admit that initially look this just one seems to be described as a little wacky. Who wants to electricity a rickshaw or velotaxi with gas cells anyway? Evidently the, uh, Germans, do. In truth, all those inside the tourist trade that are tired of pedaling chubby visitors all around town say they want a break.
German engineering
to the rescue! In accordance to Germany.details, “Rather than gas, the futuristic four-wheeler has a tank crammed with hydrogen - and because its chemical ingredient is known as “Hydrogenium,” the vehicle’s inventor has baptized his development the “Hydrogenia.” But what distinguishes the Hydrogenia rickshaw in the regular electric bicycle is just not visible with the outside: behind the seat deal with lies a gas cell alongside the hydrogen tank. The hydrogen reacts with oxygen within the air, generating an electric existing from the gas mobile that will electrical power an electrical motor although supplying off almost nothing far more than steam.
“The 250-watt
unit causes it to be easy to work a whole lot. Nonetheless, the air inside the slipstream just isn't polluted, though far more than the usual little moist. Gas cells might be an excellent substitute as opposed to electric-drive bicycles and will be commonly utilised right now, states Lars Röntzsch of your Fraunhofer Institute for Producing Technological innovation and Advanced Products Research in Dresden, the richesse town in the jap state of Saxony. Röntzsch mentioned the batteries at the moment used in e-bikes use a limited vary, and charging them can take a lengthy time.

“The Hydrogenia, in
distinction, could be refueled in just a handful of minutes, as well as somewhere around 1.two cubic meters of hydrogen can electrical power the automobile for about 200 kilometers. This means that a rickshaw taxi could conceivably be for the street and operational for an entire day just before necessitating a fill-up, Röntzsch spelled out.”

So, there
you've it, a quick clarification on why it is sensible and required to put a hydrogen fuel cell in the contemporary day rickshaw. Previous week I'd discussed the deserves of hydrogen gas cell scooters and so rickshaw, bicycles, motorbikes as well as other forms of cars also fall into this group. Hope on an enjoy the experience.

How to Make Electrical power With Water

H2o is really a source of huge energy. H2o moves downhill in rivers or follows the tug with the moon with ocean currents, building kinetic strength that will be harnessed. When this kinetic power is turned into electrical energy, it can be referred to as hydroelectric electrical power.Guidelines
1. Study about likely electricity. Probable power is any kind of saved power in a process. If h2o is in a greater elevation, for instance, it's got prospective strength. When it flows downhill, the potential strength turns into movement or kinetic power. Hydroelectric energy---energy that employs h2o as its source---harnesses that kinetic power.2. Figure out how to understand undesirable drinking water science. Drinking water is at a very low electricity state---it cannot be burned like wooden or coal to supply energy. There are things which react violently with h2o such as elemental sodium, but water alone cannot be became electrical power. The top a single can do is use moving drinking water to be a supply of likely power. Some con artists attempt to sector h2o like a wonder strength source, nonetheless it isn't. See the backlink about "Running a vehicle on Water" in Sources for an explanation of one on the much more widespread water hoaxes.3. Discover a resource of water strength. A stream, a rain gutter or everywhere else water flows freely is often applied. Whilst a huge volume of likely vitality is obtainable from the ocean tides, it demands a whole lot of hefty machines to mount turbines inside the ocean, so this process is not proposed for hobbyists.4. Get some type of propeller, paddle wheel or turbine. Nearly anything that turns on an axle as h2o moves past it can operate to produce electric power with drinking water.5. Connect your propeller, turbine a paddle wheel to your small electrical generator. Your generator needs to become smaller to ensure it can be pushed because of the energy in a compact stream or drain pipe. See the hyperlink in Methods to learn more concerning how to make an electrical generator.six. Mount the propeller inside the drinking water resource with out having the generator damp. Attach the generator to some lightbulb, or no matter what else you want to electrical power.

Growing fuel prices fuel thrust for hydrogen-powered cars

Automakers are racing to seek out strategies to replace more and more high-priced fossil fuels. Among the most popular different fuels in progress is the most abundant aspect in the world, hydrogen.
In a the latest hydrogen forum in Munich, researchers confirmed off their wares, quickly terribly appropriate to your world strike tricky through the most recent oil value shock.

"Since the energy-importing
international locations generally are quite proficient in electricity efficiencies, in renewable energies, in hydrogen, they'd go jointly and kind this counterbalance in an effort to cost-free on their own with the import dependency of fossil fuels," claimed Carl-Jochen Winter of Hyforum 2000.What is a lot more, hydrogen is Earth-friendly. Hydrogen-powered autobus mix liquid hydrogen with oxygen to create energy. There are no soiled hydrocarbon emissions. The principle byproduct is h2o.
You will find there's draw back: liquid hydrogen is undoubtedly an explosive. BMW, that has designed a hybrid prototype that uses both fuel or hydrogen, stated its hydro-car has handed crash tests. Inside the event of an accident, the pressurized hydrogen could be released by means of escape tubes, the corporate reported.
You'll find other catches to what would seem like a wonder gas, beginning with how the hydrogen is generated, the amount it fees and the place to obtain it.
Up to now, quite possibly the most cost effective option to mass-produce hydrogen gas is which has a natural gas-fired plant. Solar power and wind energy are however a long way from getting economically feasible.

In Germany, a hydro-car
however prices about 30 % additional to operate than a person operate with gas. Usual gas station as well as world's filling stations would need to adapt to hydrogen gas -- a tremendous investment decision.

But
more durable environmental insurance policies and mounting petroleum costs can be hydrogen's finest ally.

"The
higher cost of gasoline is advertising hydrogen in the meanwhile, because at some point hydrogen will likely be cheaper than all," stated Ragna Nordheimer, a BMW spokeswoman.

Cars Hydrogen

There is an abundance of hydrogen on our planet.Several cannot hold out until finally we see hydrogen refilling stations on each corner. In order to make use of the gas cell strategy in motor vehicles like a power source it should be pure hydrogen. Pure hydrogen is not going to take place the natural way, it needs to be harvested by using a chemical or electrical course of action. In the meanwhile probably the most affordable method to generate hydrogen is 'last "steam methane reformation". Yet another idea undergoing research and enhancement is actually a method involving solar power. Gas organizations can conserve 10 % when they make use of the environmentally secure solar electrical power to get rid of the hydrogen.
Automotive organizations like Toyota, Honda, and GM are spending a good deal of awareness to fuel cell driven autos. Toyota assures us that gas cells will be the most efficient electricity source for a vehicle and much extra cost-effective than inside hydro combustion engines. A battery plus a gas cell are quite a lot alike, by means of an electron chemical response amongst hydrogen and oxygen to construct energy.

Toyota has
started to investigate over a broad array of fuel resources these types of as all-natural fuel, gasoline and liquid hydrogen, also to development of components to benefit from with these types of types of vitality. Toyota is justifying thoughts whether or not or not they should propose a fuel celled automobile intended for most of the people for retail sale prior to than October of 2014 and in a quite pricey rate tag.
The major problem that has for being conquered if fuel celled vehicles will be usable because of the standard general public would be the infrastructure. The infrastructure can have to include company's input, Chevron Texaco, who're establishing a novel petrol station that hosts a on a smaller scale an onsite steam reforming of organic gas, to make hydrogen is a wonderful instance.
Customarily hydrogen vehicles meant a lack of efficiency. Toyota has designed colossal accomplishment having a prototype higher driven vehicle. We will not be seeing hydrogen autos within the sector till car makers determine out an optimum way to manufacture the cars so that you can decline the value tag. Now there are no commercially obtainable hydrogen driven automobiles for individuals, but the government and also the automotive companies are aiming for that 12 months 2010 to possess the infrastructure in position.

Thursday 9 August 2012

Help you save Gas With Hydrogen Gas Mobile Technology

MPG Systems are professionals in HHO hybrid remedies, providing HHO hybrid hydrogen kits to boost your vehicles miles for every gallon and reduce your CO2 Emissions and road tax. Hydrogen fuel is referred to occasionally as Brown's fuel or HHO. Hydrogen is the very best solution or fuel additive to extend your mileage. HHO gas is generally known as hydrogen on demand from customers but anything you get is 2 gases when broken down; hydrogen and oxygen. Whatever you should really see is fewer air pollution from a tail pipe lowing you carbon footprint.

HHO
fuel is made from a system named electrolysis which converts water to hydrogen and oxygen. This can be carried out within just the HHO Generator that is definitely ordinarily installed inside the cavity amongst your entrance bumper and radiator once your engine begins running. The gasses then run alongside into a vaporiser/bubbler which seporates the drinking water steam from your gasoline, leaving pure oxygen and hydrogen (HHO). This HHO fuel tends to make its way into your main engine air intake pipe and it is then mixed with your petrol/diesel within just the combustion chamber generating your gas burn up a lot more successfully.
Transform your automobile right into a HHO hybrid with one of our hydrogen methods nowadays.

HHO
fuel generators, fuel cells and vehicle kits improve petrol/diesel mileage. As petrol/diesel spirals out of control you could be thinking about petrol options to aid reduce costs of functioning a vehicle.

Hydrogen
gas is referred to occasionally as Brown's petrol or HHO. Hydrogen could be the greatest resolution or petrol additive to improve your mileage. HHO gas has been termed as hydrogen on demand from customers but everything you get is 2 gases when broken down; hydrogen and oxygen. Whatever you need to see is less pollution from a tail pipe lowing you carbon footprint.

HHO
gas is manufactured from a system called electrolysis which converts water to hydrogen and oxygen. This is certainly accomplished inside the HHO Generator which is usually put in in the cavity involving your entrance bumper and radiator the moment your motor starts running. The gasses then operate alongside into a vaporiser/bubbler which seporates the water steam from the gas, leaving pure oxygen and hydrogen (HHO). This HHO gasoline makes its way into your main motor air consumption pipe and is particularly then combined with the petrol/diesel within just the combustion chamber producing your gas burn up significantly extra effectively.
You've got probably witnessed the HHO car around the information; the purpose right here is you will get a great deal of strength from h2o using this course of action and conclusion up using a hybrid water car or truck. You can expect to be supplementing you petrol/diesel together with the HHO which will final result in higher mileage.
It's possible you'll see gas cost savings of ten - 50 % with this HHO Gasoline and also you may get horse energy as well as a smother quieter motor.

An HHO generator
package is not difficult to put in you when you are mechanically minded and may generate a wonderful day or weekend challenge. A HHO motor vehicle package will easily match less than the hood of most automobiles or trucks and will only consider about four hours to put in. As soon as put in it only can take a couple of minutes of maintenance a month to check the drinking water and catalyst.
Reduced your CO2 Emissions by 50 %
State Decrease Auto Tax

No
more air pollution?
One of many most vital advantages of a hydrogen economy is gas cells are nonpolluting. No carbon emissions are developed when energy is generated inside of a fuel mobile. A hydrogen gas mobile makes two byproducts -- warmth and water. If each and every auto on the highway have been driven by a hydrogen fuel mobile, the familiar clouds of smog that hang over several towns, almost all of which arises from motor vehicle exhaust, would largely vanish. In line with the Environmental Safety Agency, half of all People in america live in spots where by there is enough pollution to create a detrimental effect on human health and fitness, so decreasing smog would be a substantial profit.

With our Hydrogen
gas cell techniques it is possible to lower your CO2 emissions by half, preserving you a little fortune on "Road Tax".
Just acquire your car to an MOT station and consult for any CO2 emissions report and acquire it for your regional post office with you whenever you apply for your new highway tax.

The good as well as the Poor of Making use of Hydrogen Powered Vehicles

Hydrogen powered motor vehicle revenue has gone up by an increasingly broad margin due to the fact these cars and trucks had been very first released. This would in the long run necessarily mean that you will discover more individuals that does clearly show fascination while in the well becoming with the planet, after you consider it, why would we not treatment? Air pollution is just about the biggest downs of the planet at this time and it can be claimed that far more proportion of the air pollution is from autos around the road. This is where the idea of hydrogen came into play, the cleanness of this when being employed as a gas, is wonderful. The hydrogen driven cars might be a car that everybody should really be driving; there are many countries that have produced quite a few 'green' problems compulsory.

The costs which have been involved within the possession of the hybrid car aren't significantly greater than a fossil ran automobile. There are actually risks which might be hooked up towards the proudly owning of the hydrogen fuelled auto, plus the something which you really need to keep in mind is always to ensure that none of it leaks into the atmosphere. The generation of those automobiles should be to be certain that there are actually cars serving to the planet which is why there is absolutely no mass production that's executed, this will trigger a competition between manufacturers, and following a while, it's going to fade absent.

Hydrogen
driven vehicles are made to create cleaner air, the principal worry a large number of does have in connection with the gas, would be the potential risks that could come across a single the hydrogen catches alight. That is a significant situation as flames are very tricky to find out and from time to time are unnoticeable. There may be a hazard of asphyxiation that is definitely the principle worry, you may have to remember the hydrogen is just not poisonous, but can result in asphyxiation as soon as inhaled. There are many which are sceptical concerning the use of this petrol, however it's shown time and time again to become on the list of cleaner gases in manufacturing. You've to be convinced that you'll be conscious of the risks that is included with making use of this gas; this is a fantastic matter to catch yourself on this and make sure that you are aware of anything.

It can be stated the action of using generators in cars and trucks will be the action in the correct path. It is a far better substitute in addition to is known to indicate an enhancement on the overall motor vehicle. The drinking water generators do use a few fundamental principles that you must know, this could even be better to be familiar with and self educate also. The generator permits your automobile to operate on h2o and through the use of the nominal degree of gas.

We have been all aware of the great which the utilization of hydrogen driven motor vehicles carry, the only thing you must prevent and ensure that you do, would be the risks that happen to be attached to it. Training would be the key to this, so you should definitely inquire as several concerns as you have so that you can make this something of an achievement.

3 Terrific Cons Of Hydrogen Gas Cells


Hydrogen fuel cells are classified as the wave of the potential. No less than which is what quite a few would want you to believe that. They may have some extent due to the fact a hydrogen fuel cell can be a novel method to electricity a car. The vehicle would require no gasoline, run on hydrogen and its only squander can be drinking water, a purely natural and risk-free emission. Having said that, it's not an excellent science by any suggests and also a lot of times there's talk about all the terrific positive aspects to the none discussion of the cons of hydrogen gas cells.

With
anything at all, there may be going to be downsides. If it had been this sort of an excellent technology, you should not you're thinking that every vehicle would have one particular by now? Moreover remaining highly-priced, the hydrogen fuel mobile makes selected challenges that haven't been fully tackled but.

The following are classified as the a few major downsides of hydrogen gas cells:

One. It is big and cumbersome. Your petrol tank currently makes use of a pleasant part of your auto, but a hydrogen fuel mobile is going to be three situations even larger than the usual gas tank. But that is not that each one. The fuel mobile should be insulated to help keep it risk-free and guarded.

Two. Safety issues. Liquid hydrogen has the ability to freeze air. There have also been reviews of accidents with all the gas cell itself. In some cases a valve can get plugged up when you can find also significantly strain during the cell. The one spot to go is out, as well as the mobile explodes. There is no way of knowing, still, if this problem is often fastened, but there are various engaged in it. In the motor vehicle accident, the tank may rupture, nevertheless the good news could be the hydrogen will evaporate easily. On the other hand, this is a more major situation inside of a short spot this kind of being a garage.

Three. The hydrogen evaporates. Weird, but true. The insulation is simply not an ideal system as well as the hydrogen evaporates out of the mobile at approximately 1.7 PC on a daily basis. What this means is that at some point autobus are likely to want a refill. What? You imagined you never experienced to employ a pump once again? The other issue using this is gas stations really don't market hydrogen. You will have to come across a customized fueling station or do the job a little something out using the manufacturer with the car or truck. Autobus that happens to be blended with gas cells and fuel won't ever must get worried about staying stranded.

Standard Motors Co., At present has the Chevy Equinox Gas Cell, one of the two begin with gas mobile vehicles of its sort. When you are considering investing in a vehicle of the sort, talk on the maker of the negatives of hydrogen gas cells. By having the technologies, these are conscious in the pitfalls of hydrogen gas cells and also have started to get the job done regarding how to make it much better.

The nice news is always that vehicle providers are doing work at approaches to make this a safer environment by generating significantly less emissions and also the additional we master about substitute solutions, the higher the Earth is going to be in it. Just don't go blind in one direction without having inquiring issues. Learn concerning the negatives of hydrogen fuel cells prior to you conform to use it.

Hydrogen Gas Technique For SUV - Save Gas With SUV Hydrogen Fuel System


Activity Utility Vehicles (SUV) are well-known for it's durability and reliability on and off the street. With its big engine potential ability to building a couple of hundred horse electric power, it is no wonder this kind of vehicle enjoys a status image. Unfortunately, an average SUV will eat significant amounts of petrol but can only reach an exceptionally reduced mileage as compared to a traditional sedan. With regional gasoline prices skyrocketing, quite a few SUV owners are acquiring it tough to gas their vehicles and make ends satisfy. Are there any ways to boost the petrol mileage of this form of autos? One particular answer will be to use hydrogen fuel system for an SUV. This text will get rid of some gentle for the science powering this gas saving technology.

Hydrogen
gas procedure for SUV is basically using hydrogen petrol (H2) for a supplementary fuel to normal fuel. H2 could be created from water with electrolysis procedure. When electric power is handled as a result of h2o, H2 is delivered. The next phase is always to vent the hydrogen gas into the engine air filtration program. The principle is identical as capturing nitrous oxide into the engine to produce a better motor power output. By introducing H2 to the combustion chambers, it'll mix with gas fume and deliver a bigger explosion within the engine. The tip consequence can be a smoother and stronger electric power within the engine.

Every time an SUV is consuming the same volume of gas but is obtaining an increased motor output, the car or truck will address far more ground consequently raising its mileage and saving gas. The only by product or service of the hydrogen fuel method is pure water vapor introduced into your exhaust pipe.

It
employed to be pretty expensive to convert an SUV to operate on water gas. The modification method needs to be accomplished within a large tech workshop with specialist car engineers. Nowadays, the conversion procedure has long been produced less difficult and more simple. Any person with a few motor vehicle upkeep talents can perform it. You must get a tutorial information on the web to help you. Aided by the regional gas prices hitting the roof, any tips that could reduce the gas price tag of an SUV might be a blessing.

Fuel Preserving Idea - The secret of Using Hydrogen Gasoline For Cars

A single gasoline conserving idea that has become circulating on the web is working with hydrogen fuel (H2) being a different gas resource for autobus. The reasoning has developed lots of exhilaration since lots of car house owners are looking for methods to scale back their fuel expenditure bill. Due to rising worldwide crude oil selling prices, gas rates around the country have achieved a completely new top. It is understandable that individuals are hungry for information and facts that may enable them to cut prices. How does the idea of using hydrogen petrol for cars and trucks works? This article will reveal the key behind this new know-how.

Hydrogen
fuel has become the most ample ingredient within the universe. It truly is cleansed, efficient, and has an extremely rapid burning amount. Those people qualities may make hydrogen gasoline an excellent alternative to fossil gas. H2 for a car might be generated from drinking water with the electrolysis procedure. From elementary science class, we know that water is made out of two molecules of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen for this reason its name H2O. For your car to operate on H2, the gasoline must be released into the motor air ingestion method and diverted into your combustion chambers. An engine configuration is capable of igniting hydrogen gas to supply electric power.

A car or truck jogging on equally fuel and hydrogen petrol is in essence and hybrid car. At the moment, an automobile using pure H2 for gas is not nevertheless sensible. There are some troubles on this new technology. That primary challenge is to discover ways to generate sufficient hydrogen gasoline to satisfy the engine demand from customers when it is actually jogging. The next obstacle is to uncover an efficient option to produce the H2 in the motor. The results from employing H2 as fuel for autos are mixed. If you're searching for ways to chop your automobile fuel price, you could possibly take into consideration checking out this technology more.

Drinking water For Gas - Delusion Or Point? - Hydrogen Comprised of H2o is America's Future


Whilst browsing the inter web I stumbled on a short article about Jay Leno test driving a different hydrogen driven car or truck, (short article might browse at common mechanics automotive Jay Leno garage).

Jay
spent ten days driving close to in BMW's Hydrogen 7, a typical 7 Series sedan equipped by using a six. 0-liter V12 motor that's been altered to operate on both gasoline or hydrogen. Automobile makers are starting to construct hydrogen driven cars and trucks for your cause, it's a new approach to promote something they could control. Each of the although private individuals, for the previous 23 a long time, have already been researching and developing a tool that makes hydrogen on need proper in your car or truck.

Individuals can buy some easy elements from hardware and vehicle elements merchants and with
a
set of e textbooks that Ozzie Freedom has compiled can construct, install, and maintain a hydrogen generator that truly helps make hydrogen, to run your engine as it really is desired.

So why,
now that a method previously exists, would a person want to purchase a car or truck that fees tens of 1000s of dollars? This easy transformation can be done without any engine modification and might improve your fuel mileage as much as 50%. Employing distilled h2o,a little degree of prevalent family baking soda, some energy from your cars battery and with very simple sections, you'll be able to blend hho petrol with fuel and possess a smoother managing engine ,cleaner burning fuel, a lot more electric power and superior petrol mileage.HHO petrol mentioned previously mentioned goes by many other names, such as Oxy-Hydrogen, hydroxy (quick for hydroxygen) or di-hydroxy, Brown's Petrol, green gas, waterfuel, and so on. It can be incredibly various from pure Hydrogen. HHO has wonderful benefits in excess of pure Hydrogen - and is also the only certainly one of both of these that qualifies for "Free energy"

A number of the pieces, consisting of the Electrolyzer, wiring harness, hoses and installation accessories, Operates with Pure Baking Soda in distilled h2o. Will increase efficiency in all autobus, a map sensor regulates just how much how you blend in, a gas heater pre-heats the fuel so it uses up improved, a PVC enhancer is used, several
toes of vacuum line is employed, all typical merchandise we now have all made use of or have listened to about, bundled while in the correct purchase, suitable beneath the hood of one's auto, can help you save countless dollars on gasoline expenses.

Owning developed and mounted many of such methods I can tell you 1st hand they do the job.